Fleas Essays -- essays research papers

Bugs are extremely little creepy crawlies. They are on the whole flightless and don't have eyes, albeit two ocelli might be available. Their antennaes are short and their mouthparts are adjusted for puncturing and sucking. The female bug lays a couple of eggs day by day that aggregate up to 300 to 400 in the course of its life. The eggs are laid as a rule on creatures and most drop off where they invest a large portion of their energy. Bedding, floor cleft, covering, along baseboards and zones close to their preferred dozing and resting destinations are particularly likely places where eggs will be found. These eggs incubate into hatchlings, which are infant bugs. The hatchlings turn a casing and, contingent upon ecological conditions, rise as grown-ups in as not many as five days. The grown-up insects at that point mate after a blood feast and afterward lay eggs. The existence cycle is then rehashed - until control estimates break the cycle. The absolute life cycle can last from 25 days to a while. The groups of the two grown-ups and youthful bugs have numerous retrogressive pointing hairs and ground-breaking leg muscles. Bugs can bounce multiple times their own tallness and multiple times their body length. Bugs have numerous vermin and parasites and can have up to 150 living in them at once. Grown-up insects can mess clinical up including bug sensitivity dermatitis (FAD), tapeworms, auxiliary skin aggravations and, in outrageous cases, iron deficiency. A few people may have an extreme response, for example, a general rash or aggravation, which can bring about optional diseases brought about by scratching the bothered skin zone. Bugs may transmit bu...

Volatile organic Compounds Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unstable natural Compounds - Lab Report Example The significant impacts of the compound on human wellbeing are in the focal sensory system. At the point when it gathers in the body, it influences the sensory system and the outcome can be exceptionally negative. Different impacts of chloroform incorporate tipsiness, tiredness, queasiness, heaving, and cerebral pain. Then again, the primary wellspring of the TCE in the drinking water is from the release from metal degreasing methodology and other factor forms. In different cases, the ground water may likewise be debased with TCE particularly in zones that are close to the mechanical sources and the old dumpsites. The utilization of water containing TCE may bring about expanded odds of encountering liver issues and creating malignant growth (Scott and Cogliano, 2000). So as to characterize the nearness other hurtful mixes in the water, it will be basic that more tests and research facility examinations on other Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are finished. These are mixes with concoction and physical properties which permit them to move among air and water. With these further tests, it will be conceivable to make inferences about the condition of your drinking

Why Is My Phone About to Die

Why Is My Phone About to Die I am seated in a rocking chair at Dayton International Airport, flight delayed, thumbing through tweets, photos, and various bits of miscellanea on the device in my palm while I wait to find out  whether my next flight will be canceled. Everyone around me seems to be doing the same thing. We are a sea of people lost in the mesmerizing  glow of our screensâ€"alone together. Suddenly, an ominous red bar interrupts my handheld activities, accompanied by a warning: low battery. My first reaction: frustration, irritation, annoyance. Why the hell is my phone about to die? I cant believe this stupid freaking thing! Of course, I have been pacifying myself for the last hour (or two), frantically fiddling with the touchscreen, hopping from icon to icon, searching for the next ephemeral rush of dopamine. My behavior: reactionary and impulsive and the opposite of mindful. These activities, when done in excess, are as meaningless as channel surfing, resulting in an  endless amount of low-level anxietyâ€"a sort of postmodern itch, not unlike that of a heroin addict as he stumbles through  withdrawal. But its not my phones fault, its mine: rarely does the blame belong to  the material thing itself. The stuff is not the problemâ€"we are. Realizing this, I set down the phone and breathe  in the world around me, but only after sending one final tweet: If your phone is constantly about to die, then maybe its not the phone that has a problem. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Persepolis and Not Without My Daughter - 2330 Words

Persepolis amp; Not Without My Daughter The Iranian revolution of 1979 refers to the overthrowing of the last king of Iran. It was an Islamic revolution which attempted to replace Mohammed Reza Shah, with an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution. Strong opposition against the Shah showed that the people wanted a religious ruler rather than someone they saw as an American puppet. Many Iranian people would think that the Shah was a ‘capitalist pig’ who ran a corrupt and repressive regime but tried to embrace western style democracy. In saying this, Iran was a very developed and modern nation during the Shah’s reign where students were educated together and westernization took over. The Shah, who†¦show more content†¦Following the revolution, Iran experiences drastic changes in all areas of society. Women were greatly affected during Khomeini’s rule, having their rights taken away. A new Islamic dress code was imposed on all women in Iran, this c hange influenced Betty, Marji’s mother and Marji herself. As stated in the Quran, women should wear the hijab in public covering themselves to gain more self-confidence and self-respect knowing who they are in the society. In saying this, during Khomeini’s rule ushered in oppressive laws against women that restricted a woman’s right to express her individuality as a woman, with a dress code being one of the most important impacts seen in both autobiographies. In the very beginning of the book, Marjane stated, â€Å"We didn’t really like to wear the veil, especially since we didn’t understand why we had to’’ Marjane found the veil especially difficult to accept as seen throughout the book because they were of a westernized mentality and did not approve of the restrictions placed on women’s rights even though [she] was very religious. Marji her family ‘’were very modern and avant-garde’’ and saw the ve il as having their basic freedoms taken away. The hijab had turned woman against each other and ‘’there were demonstrations for and against the veil’’ whichShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Graphic Novel Persepolis1423 Words   |  6 PagesIn the nine years following the Iranian Revolution, the Iranian government executed over 30,000 people as a result of their values conflicting with the conservative Islamic ideals of the new regime (McTighe). The graphic novel Persepolis explores this change in government and the conflict-ridden road leading to it through the story of a young girl named Marjane and her family. It explores how the family’s Communist attitudes cause them to be willing to risk their lives speaking out for a change,Read MorePersepolis : The Story Of A Childhood1654 Words   |  7 Pages Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood by Marjane Satrapi is a graphic novel that provides insight into a young girl living in Iran during the hardship of war. Persepolis takes place during the childhood of Marjane Satrapi. It gives a background of the Islamic Revolution and the war in Iran. Satrapi attempts to guide herself in a corrupted world filled with propaganda. She tries to develop her own morality concerning religion, politics, and humanity. Satrapi was blessed enough to have high class statusRead MoreAnalysis Of Marjane Satrapis Graphic Novel Persepolis823 Words   |  4 Pages Marjane Satrapi’s graphic novel Persepolis, illustrates her own experience of the Iranian world through revolutions and corrupt dictatorship. Throughout her life, Marji is faced with numerous hardships that challenge her life from a young age. From struggling to adapt into diverging cultures to standing up for her identity, Marji’s conflicts force her to choose between family and herself. Unlike the people from her homeland, Marji has many opportunities to explore her liberty, however, she hasRead MoreEssay on The Role of Women in Marjane Satrapis Persepolis 1111 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi displays the vital role that the women around her have in developing her character and becoming the woman she is today. Women such as her mother, her grandmother, her school teachers, the maid, the neighbors, and even the guardians of the revolution influenced Marjane and caused her to develop into an independent, educated, and ambitious w oman. Throughout the novel, Marjane never completely conforms or lets go of her roots, this is primarily due toRead MoreMarjane Satrapi s Persepolis 1314 Words   |  6 PagesPersepolis is an autobiography of Marjane Satrapi’s childhood in her native Iran. She writes about being a child in Iran through the Iranian revolution and the Iran-Iraq war. As Satrapi recounts stories of her youth, one can observe that the Iran-Iraq war and the Iranian revolution are the central events driving the entire story. When the revolution and war happens, the dynamics of the book change completely. War creates a sense of unity and nationalism. Marjane shows a large contrast between herRead MoreAnalysis Of Persepolis1384 Words   |  6 Pagesoverthrow of Iranian ruler Reza Shah in 1978, which ultimately led to the establishment of a republic later on. Throughout this painstaking process of cultural revolution, many Iranian civilians suffered, including a young Marjane Satrapi, who authored Persepolis, a graphic novel recounting her childhood in Iran and her coming-of-age abroad in Europe. In her â€Å"memoir-in-comic-strips†, Satrapi highlighted the theme of â€Å"persisting conflicts†, or conflicts that were constant the entirety of the story. MoreoverRead MoreAnalysis Of Persepolis1839 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstand what the word truly means without living it? It’s a word that can have strong meaning in multiple contexts and unfortunately for many it means sacrifice, as revolutions are not free. Most who live in America will never have the experience of living through a revolution or even near one as the last one in America finished in 1783 which means one does not really understand what it is like to go through that. Reading through the graphic novel Persepolis, which talks about the lifestyle ofRead MoreThe Effect Of Transcendentalism : Henry David Thoreau1654 Words   |  7 PagesGaga in her song â€Å"Born This Way.† Gaga’ s usage of lyrics reflects that particular belief of Thoreau. She uses lyrics like: â€Å"Don t hide yourself in regret, Just love yourself and you re set,† â€Å"In the religion of the insecure, I must be myself, respect my youth,† and â€Å"Whether life s disabilities left you outcast, bullied or teased, rejoice and love yourself today. Cause baby, you were born this way† to show that one’s worth is more important to conforming to society’s ideals (Gaga). Because of theRead MoreAlexander the Thrid1774 Words   |  7 PagesOlympias, daughter of King Neoptolemus I of Epirus. I was born on the 20th of July in 356 BC in Pella Greece. I spent most of my childhood in Pella’s royal court. During my time spent there I hardly ever saw my father because he spent most of his time in military campaigns or with one of his many women. On the other hand, mother, was always there for me, even when I did not ask for her presence. From a young age mother and father wanted the best for me, even if at times I didn’t see it. Both my parentsRead MoreThe Formation of Achaemenid Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagestime ,Persia was not independent. It was actually under the influence of the Mede. Although Cambyse was the Shah ( King ) of the Persians, at the same time he was a governor of Persia for Astyage who was the Shah of the Mede.Cambyse married Astyage daughter ,Mandane and named his son Cyrus. When Cyrus was a childe , he was always the leader of other kids around him. Because of this characteristic of Cyrus, Astyage wanted him dead . Astyage was afraid Cyrus might grow up and and revolt against him

My Experience Of My Life My Quality Of Life - 848 Words

If you only had nine months to live, what would you do with the time you had left? Allow me to tell you a story of what I would do with mine. Recently I visited my Primary Care Physician for a routine physical. Unfortunately, I was astonished by the results. I was told my days were numbered. My physician informed me I would be deceased within nine months. However, there was an upside, if I could keep my spirit’s high during the ill-fated situation I was faced with. My quality of life would not be diminished during my last months. Ironically, it was the same amount of time my parents had to prepare for my birth after conception. When thinking about that, the first thing that came to mind was my twenty-two-month-old twins Landon and Leila. I†¦show more content†¦She was in her cute turquoise and white tutu swimsuit. Her playful smile was incredibly adorable. There were many other videos and pictures that were indescribable. A thousand words could not even do the job ade quately. Secondly, we went to their only living Great Grandmothers eighty-fourth birthday. The video footage and photos of that trip were also unforgettable. Leila and Landon ate a variety of new foods. The facial expressions captured were truly priceless. Some evoked memories of my own childhood. They had expressions of disgust and others were of delight from my grandmothers mouthwatering and deliciousness food. Another memorable video was of Leila, Landon and their cousins chasing the beautiful yet territorial ducks. It was hilarious. My Grandmother playfully chased the kids, the kids chased the parent ducks and the parent ducks chased the baby ducks around the pond in the back yard. Several generations of my family were laughing. These were the type of memories I wanted to capture and leave for them. There were many other memorable events and trips that videos and pictures captured during those nine months. However, I also knew I had to plan for my children’s future. I began with the easiest task first. Getting the easy ones out of the way first would allow me to focus my efforts on the time consuming yet inevitable ones. First, I made sure my six-figure life insurance policy premium was paid in full for the next year. IShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior And The Social Sciences1671 Words   |  7 Pagesis more than a subject for me as it helped me to experience the different views of my peers. There is no doubt that, this subject is an eye opener for me that gives value to my work ethics and understandings. Before beginning to learn the subject, there were so many unknown factors that required clarifications in my work life. An in-depth analysis in this subject helped me to gain a thorough understanding of different areas like leadership qualities, cultural differen ce in workplace, power and politicsRead MoreMy Goal As An Occupational Therapy1195 Words   |  5 Pagesknow that my new life which I should face with would be totally different than before. But I don’t know how to participate in my newly-defined life. It is just like a walking the road without any light.† After I heard his story, it reminded me about my original desire which I wanted to commit myself. Moreover, this event make me come back to academic courses and pursue my goal as an occupational therapy(OT) researcher. I have a quote which I really love and strongly influences on my whole life: â€Å"Life’sRead MoreThe Effects Of Sports On My Life906 Words   |  4 Pagesand most enjoyable life, I must commit to a lifetime of physical activity. Ever since elementary school, I’ve been competing in sports for the enjoyment and maintaining a healthy physique. Because of such dedication to sports, I have developed a passion for soccer. Although I’m not on a college team, I’m still practicing with my friends and strangers playing pickup soccer whenever I have free time (typically 4-5 times a week). I have no doubt that without soccer in my life, I would have a muchRead MoreShort Story : My Journey To Machu Picchu 711 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout the entirety of my story, I touch on topics discussed/read about in class. My story is a description of not only my journey to Machu Picchu, but my journey to self discovery and patience. The story suggests a struggle throug hout the entirety of the journey. The idea of leaving the comfortable in order to experience a spiritual journey is a topic which we discussed in class. For a transformation to occur during a spiritual journey, one must leave the comfortable aspects of life, and be willing toRead MoreLife And Its Effects On The World Of Health883 Words   |  4 PagesThe book of life, one full of opportunities and experiences which have shaped me into who I am today. Exposure at an early age to take care of my mother who is a chronic asthma patient, introduced me to the world of health. I am the first in my family to pursue a doctorate in the health area. This, in order to explore and improve the quality of life of those around me, and wherever I plant my roots. I grew up in a high-crime urban area, which forced us to retreat to a countryside out of the cityRead MoreThe Master Of Social Work Program With Walden University839 Words   |  4 PagesMaster of Social Work. After a lot of consideration Walden has my number one choice due to its accreditation with the Council of Social Work Education, and the option to study online. The accreditation that is offered through Walden is accepted in my home state of Alabama. Being able to study online was a major influence on my decision because I am a full-time working mother. Time is valuable and Walden’s flexibility allows me to further my education. I started working at Indian Rivers Mental HealthRead MoreI Was The Shy Kid Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pageswas not a quality that was normally associated with me. I was the shy kid, usually immersed deeply within a book, dreaming of faraway lands and strong protagonists to save the day. The only time I was a leader was inside my day dreams. Within my everyday life I was surrounded by the strongest leader a small child could know. They were able present any vision to their group and make it grow, they knew how to build their members up, protect them, and love them unconditionally. The leader is my motherRead MoreMy Quality World1283 Words   |  6 PagesMy Quality World My Tomorrow Most people dont really understand what Quality World really means. Dr. William Glasser coined this term, a psychiatrist who believes that we all have an idea of what we really want in life. According to this author Quality World is the overall understanding of everything that is important to us (e.g. possession, principles and beliefs, experiences and relationships) in our lives. The quality world I imagine to be living in ten years from now is one where I haveRead MorePersonal Statement On Clinical Psychology867 Words   |  4 PagesAshley Agunbiade Clinical Psychology Rough Draft My academic, personal, and job experiences have propelled me to pursue a Master’s Degree in Clinical Psychology. Through joining the Minority Biomedical Research Support- Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (MBRS-RISE) program, taking psychology courses, and working as a behavioral interventionist, I have acquired work and research experience needed to pursue a graduate degree. My immediate goal is to pursue a Master’s degree in clinicalRead MorePersonal Statement : Personal And Professional Goals1684 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal / Professional Goals I completed my BS in Human Services in March 2015. Since that time, I have been researching many colleges fluctuating between the MSW, MFT and Mental Health Counseling degrees. I consider my graduate school decision to be a positive life-altering decision requiring much thought, and research. After an extensive amount of research, and phone conversations, I have decided to pursue a Masters in Marriage Family, and Counseling Therapy. There are several reasons why

Cooperative Strategy Free Essays

Critically discuss the underlying motivations and associated competitive advantages that explain why MNEs enter into cooperative structures and strategies, using examples. In recent years there has been an upsurge in the number of MNEs entering cooperative structures and strategies. According to Jones cooperative structure is a means of a substitute or complementary to multinational strategies. We will write a custom essay sample on Cooperative Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a strategy in which firms work together to achieve shared objectives. They form partnerships once they believe a local firm had the competitive advantage in the industry or engaged in contractual agreements with public firms. Cooperative strategies and structures have become larger and more complex and crucial more central to the core strategies and competitive advantages of participating firms as a response to the pressures of competing in a global market. In this essay I will firstly discuss the underlying factors which forces MNEs to partake in cooperative strategies. I will then mention the different types of cooperative structures and strategies. Thirdly using examples I will discuss the motives and disadvantages which arise from MNEs entering into cooperative structure and strategies. After which I will close of with some points to consider in building a successfully cooperative strategies. Cooperative structure and strategy was first coined by firm pre World War 1. In the international business environment in the 21st century there are very few companies which possess all the resources or capabilities they need to develop strategies and organizational capabilities to gain competitive advantage on their own. Firms in the European nations were free to engage in cooperation. The US firms were bound by legislation which causes them not to be free to collaborate. According to Bartlett et al. the key challenge facing companies is their ability to maintain independence by maintaining firm control over its activities which led to the building of strong external relationships which may be with their customers, suppliers, competitors or even other institutions. Factors which trigger firms to shift towards cooperative strategy and structures (cooperation) stems from rising cost in RD, shortened life cycle due to constant technological evolution, growing barriers to market entry (where some firms may lack the now-how), capital shortage, increasing needs for global scale economies and expanding importance of global standards as the world have now become a global market with greater demands and competition being placed on firms. Increasingly they must collaborate with others to meet the need of the global environment. Firms may undertake co-operation such as strategic alliances in this type of cooperation the participating firms agree to collaborate s pecific aspects of their business combining some of their resources and capabilities to create a mutual competitive advantage. Another form of cooperation is joint ventures which is the most formal mode of cooperation. It involves two or more participating firms taking joint equity in separate entities distinct from the parent company. It may take the form of an entirely new enterprise or one that the joint venture come together and acquire. Eg Fuji-Xerox. During the interwar years the sharing of risk and reduction of financial pressure was the basis for joint ventures, cartels and collaborations. Licensing and Franchising are also forms of cooperation they are contractual relationships between firms they offer ways of reducing capital necessary to engaging in international business. Networks as cooperation are found in many different industries and take many different forms they have no formal existence and are rooted in sustained ongoing commercial relationships where partners have learnt to trust and rely on one another. They exist to link forms operating in different stages of the value chain. All these are different forms in which a firm may undertake to acquire the skills and resources they lack all in effort of creating value. MNEs engaging in cooperation can benefit from a range of motives giving them competitive advantage over the competitor or sustainability. Such advantages/motives are learning and resource transfer this is where the cooperative structure formal informal networks through licensing agreement to formal joint venture which can form conduits for information flows, knowledge and other tangible and intangible resources. This means that cooperation become a route through which firms gain access to resources they do not possess and either cannot or do not wish to do develop internally. This is because more and more firms are now focusing on narrow sets of core capabilities and innovation (RD) depends on interdisciplinary work. Firms narrowing their capabilities forces firms to look at external sources of competencies and resource that they no longer possess internally. Example: The requirements imply that todays MNEs must develop the skills to not only manage assets and resources under their How to cite Cooperative Strategy, Papers

Pirates of the Caribbean On Stranger Tide Movie Review Essay Example

Pirates of the Caribbean On Stranger Tide Movie Review Essay Jack Sparrow is back in Disneys fourth instalment of the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise. The lively pirate finds himself once again without his beloved ship, The Black Pearl and in search of a paranormal wealth. This time it is The Fountain of Youth, but of course he is not the only one that is interested. Jack is up against his thought to be ex lover Angelica and her father the notorious Black Beard, as well as his old nemesis Captain Barossa.The film begins by throwing the audience into a complicated escape attempt, as Jack and his right hand man Gibbs played by Kevin McNally disappear from a court room only to wind up in front of the King of England. Jacks escape from the Kings home is choreographed to the second, and it does give the audience the same feeling as watching an opening number in a musical. The set design of the Kings home is also pulsating with colour and beauty in a way unlike the rest of the film that compete. The opening sequences are visual spick and span wit h faultless detail, both in the darker scenes on the pirate ships, as well as the more flamboyant decoration of the Kings quarters. However, these days you would expect nothing less from the latest Disney live-action blockbuster.After the initial introduction of Jack and his quest for The Fountain of Youth, the audience is once again led down a recognisable plot pathway, with Jack encountering numerous sword fights and deadly and beautiful ship encounters at intervals and weaving each character into his web so he can find his happy ending which he so badly desires.Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides is in many ways a disconnected film from the former trilogy. Jack Sparrow has been released from previous characters, and should be able to give the audience something different. Strangely, Marshall, the director of the film, has clearly looked to the first film, Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl when making decisions about Jacks most recent adventure. The op ening set up is similar to the first film, with the sword fight between Jack and Angelica mirroring the original fight between Jack and Will played by Orlando Bloom. It appears that Marshall wants to insert the charm back into the series that was slightly lost in the previous two sequels. As a result, by doing this other significant aspects of the film have been neglected.The charming elements of the first Pirates film were mainly its light-hearted approach and its ability to embrace the fact it was based on a ride at a Disney theme park. Not only this, but the three significant details were well-drawn and the audience was invested in their journey. Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides introduced three new characters into the mix, along with the never ending immortal Jack Sparrow. His love attention, Angelica is given the most development, but without a back story or real emotional drive to what she is doing. More mystifying, however, is the introduction of Syrena the mermaid played by Berges Frisbey and the religious Christian pirate, Philip Caflin. It is explained that a mermaid is needed in order to activate the powers of The Fountain of Youth, but other than that neither character is given any background or even basic explanation, theyre just there to give a reason to what the Fountain Of Youth is and what you need to do to activate it, and give the movie a little twist.The bigger problem here is that there is no room in the film for characterisations to be explored no character got explored in deeply; they had a little time in the movie, as Depp is on screen from most of the time. I believe that its strange that Disney didnt ditch the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise all together and just start a Captain Jack Sparrow based movie instead, but they didnt. On top of this, the screenplay is written almost entirely for Depp, including moments when he will step in front of camera to say something completely unnecessary only because he can.The voyage is not all bad though, in particular the sequence which sees the arrival of the mermaids is an exciting sight. Hans Zimmers score is as wonderful as ever, and will keep you in the pirate mood long after you have watched the film, meaning overall this movie was excellent well in my perspective anyways.Some scenes which put Depp alongside the other long station members of the cast are very funny, with both sides being able to bring out the best in their characters. Although, to make the most of the experience. Overall, Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides is not on strange tides at all its mostly just as the other pirates of the Caribbean, mostly about having fun, voyages and anything in between. It is another enjoyable dance around for Captain Jack Sparrow and his pirate mates, but nothing we havent seen before. If you have been a fan of the films so far, it is bound to bring a smile to your face as its got new plots and twists, including new casts that are just brilliant, I hop e you like the movie as much as I did.

Does Darwinism Refute Creationism

Does Darwinism Refute Creationism Where did we come from? This age old question has developed into quite a controversy. Did we evolve over millions of years from tiny microscopic organisms explained through a precise theory of macroevolution, or is the Bible correct and G-d created us in the last 24 hours of his entire creation process? No one person knows the truth. Different theories have been presented and many seem like logical explanations to what could have happened. The two most plausible and well-known theories are that of Evolution and Creationism. Creationism, the belief of many religious cultures, is based upon the idea that the Bible is and should be taken literally in the aspect that G-d created all living things, including mankind, from nothing, in six days. The contrasting opinion is that of evolution. Evolution, defined in the Oxford Concise Science Dictionary, is the "... process by which the present diversity of plant and animal life arose from the earliest and most primitive organisms, which is bel ieved to have been continuing for the past 3000 million years" (Oxford).Charles Darwin as a young man, probably subsequent...Both theories are widely known and many organizations have been founded with the intent of discovering the truth to humanity's origin.The initial theory of Creationism has progressed into many different theories of creation. These theories are divided into 4 less specific theory categories in an essay presented by a student at the University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, "(1) six-day creationism, (2) progressive creationism, (3) theistic evolution and, (4) the gap theory." In the first theory, the Biblical text is taken literally when it proclaims the earth was created in six days. This theory is also called young-earth creationism because it wouldmean that the earth has only existed for 6 thousand years. The theory of " recent creationism [six-day theory] relies on 'creation with...

Demasiado Spanish Word Usage

Demasiado Spanish Word Usage Demasiado is a common adjective or adverb that usually carries the idea of too, too much, too many, excessive or excessively. When used as an adjective, demasiado precedes the noun it refers to and agrees in number and gender with it. Demasiado can also appear in the predicate of a sentence following a form of ser. Tres partidos polà ­ticos son demasiados. Three political parties are too many. Hay demasiado azà ºcar en los cereales de los nià ±os. There is too much sugar in childrens cereals. Fue demasiada la tentacià ³n. The temptation was too much. Tener demasiados amigos en Facebook provoca estrà ©s y culpa. Having too many friends on Facebook causes stress and guilt.  ¿Se puede tener demasiado amor, demasiada fe o demasiada honestidad? Considero que no. Can one have too much love, too much faith or too much honesty? I think not. As an adverb, demasiado is invariable - that is, it doesnt change in form. It typically comes before any adjective or adverb it affects the meaning of but after any such verb. El verano llegà ³ demasiado rpido. Summer arrived too quickly. El expresidente habla demasiado y sus declaraciones son desatinadas. The former president talks too much and his statements are foolish. Dicen que los coches ecolà ³gicos son demasiado caros. They say green cars are too expensive. Soy demasiado inteligente para creer en esas cosas. Im too smart to believe in those things. Las reas brillantes pueden aparecer demasiado blancas en las fotos. Bright areas can seem too white in the photos. El problema es que mi marido trabaja demasiado. The problem is that my husband works too much. In popular speech, you may sometimes hear demasiado as an adverb made to agree with an adjective it refers to, but this is not considered grammatically proper Spanish. As an exception to the rule, however, it is correct to make demasiado agree with forms of poco: Pasan demasiadas cosas en demasiadas pocas pginas. Too many things happen in too few pages. Sample sentences are adapted from a variety of sources. Among those used in preparaing this lesson: Tiempo (Honduras), ABC (Spain), San-Pablo.com.ar, Bogo de la web, Actualidad Motor, Reina del Cielo, Ideeleradio, Sony.es, ForoAmor.com, Cinemascope.

The search for independance in tibet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The search for independance in tibet - Essay Example The issue of Tibetan independence involves a long term debate which comprises of two conflicting views of the government of the People’s Republic of China and that of the Tibetan government in exile. (Norby, 2007) According to the scholars and the Tibetan government in exile none of the several foreign invasions in Tibet had been conducted by the Chinese dynasties.(Norby, 2007) While the Chinese government claims to rule over Tibet since 1200s, the historical accounts say that during the 13th century the actual rulers were the Mongols. (Norby, 2007) In the, 1700s the Qing dynasty of Manchuria invaded Tibet and ruled until 1912 when the Republic of China took over. But still the thirteenth Dalai Lama ruled Tibet independently without any significant intervention by the Chinese government. (Norby, 2007)Thus from historical account it is evident that Tibet was never ruled by China and had a unique ethnicity throughout (Norby, 2007). The problem in Tibet started to arise in 1950 after the creation of the People’s Republic of China under the Chinese Communist Party (Yeoman, 2008). Initially the Chinese government planned to improve the conditions of the historically exploited Tibetans and integrate Tibet with the mainland China and Tibet signed a 17 point treaty for peaceful integration in 1951 after the invasion of the territory by the People’s Liberation Army in the same year. (Yeoman, 2008) However, opposite to the hopes of the Tibetans, the Chinese government took steps to destroy Tibetan traditions and cultures in the name of modernization which came as a serious blow to the traditionally independent minded Tibetans and they rose to regain their independence (Yeoman, 2008). With this uprising, began a new era of Chinese suppression on the Tibetan people and the government led by the 14th Dalai Lama (Yeoman, 2008) The violent suppression exercised by the Chinese government killed thousands of

Buffalo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buffalo - Essay Example The city is experiencing massive in-migration, decline in entrepreneurial activities and changes that the youth bring to society. Buffalo is a scene of interaction between different ethnic groups, with the majority being African Americans. Crime and ethnic divisions are significant characteristics of the city. Bringing children up in such poor backgrounds affects their future and their performance in life. Buffalo has a large number of young people who lack the resources and necessary facilities to engage in entrepreneurial activities. There is neglect on the part of the society regarding entrepreneurial activities. However, the growing number of shops and rental houses in the town suggests that the town is undergoing gradual entrepreneurial development and in-migration respectively. The main challenge facing these entrepreneurial ventures is that most people run them on an ethnic basis. Budget crisis has contributed to the decline of Buffalo where the marginalized and the disadvantaged communities shoulder the heaviest burdens in the budget (Cope & Latcham 152). This couples up with the loss of manufacturing facilities and sources of raw materials. Decline in manufacturing jobs led to the population loss where young people moved out of the town in search of job opportunities. Nevertheless, the leadership of Buffalo is partly responsible for the economic decline and poverty. The leaders gave way for racism where the society divides itself along ethnic basis. This leads to disparities in job allocation, which makes some ethnic groupings poorer than others do. It is worth noting that the recent census in the United States revealed that there are many young children in Buffalo than it was the case in the past. However, this does not mean that the narratives that suggest aging population as a factor in Buffalo’s decline are wrong. A

Bakery Business Plan Jollys Java And Bakery

Bakery Business Plan Jollys Java And Bakery Jollys Java and Bakery (JJB) is a start-up coffee and bakery retail establishment located in southwest Washington. JJB expects to catch the interest of a regular loyal customer base with its broad variety of coffee and pastry products. The company plans to build a strong market position in the town, due to the partners industry experience and mild competitive climate in the area. JJB aims to offer its products at a competitive price to meet the demand of the middle-to higher-income local market area residents and tourists. The Company JJB is incorporated in the state of Washington. It is equally owned and managed by its two partners. Mr. Austin Patterson has extensive experience in sales, marketing, and management, and was vice president of marketing with both Jansonne Jansonne and Burper Foods. Mr. David Fields brings experience in the area of finance and administration, including a stint as chief financial officer with both Flaxfield Roasters and the national coffee store chain, BuzzCups. The company intends to hire two full-time pastry bakers and six part-time baristas to handle customer service and day to day operations. Products and Services JJB offers a broad range of coffee and espresso products, all from high quality Columbian grown imported coffee beans. JJB caters to all of its customers by providing each customer coffee and espresso products made to suit the customer, down to the smallest detail. The bakery provides freshly prepared bakery and pastry products at all times during business operations. Six to eight moderate batches of bakery and pastry products are prepared during the day to assure fresh baked goods are always available. The Market The retail coffee industry in the U.S. has recently experienced rapid growth. The cool marine climate in southwest Washington stimulates consumption of hot beverages throughout the year. JJB wants to establish a large regular customer base, and will therefore concentrate its business and marketing on local residents, which will be the dominant target market. This will establish a healthy, consistent revenue base to ensure stability of the business. In addition, tourist traffic is expected to comprise approximately 35% of the revenues. High visibility and competitive products and service are critical to capture this segment of the market. Financial Considerations JJB expects to raise $110,000 of its own capital, and to borrow $100,000 guaranteed by the SBA as a ten-year loan. This provides the bulk of the current financing required. JJB anticipates sales of about $491,000 in the first year, $567,000 in the second year, and $655,000 in the third year of the plan. JJB should break even by the fourth month of its operation as it steadily increases its sales. Profits for this time period are expected to be approximately $13,000 in year 1, $36,000 by year 2, and $46,000 by year 3. The company does not anticipate any cash flow problems. Company Summary JJB is a bakery and coffee shop managed by two partners. These partners represent sales/management and finance/administration areas, respectively. The partners will provide funding from their own savings, which will cover start-up expenses and provide a financial cushion for the first months of operation. A ten-year Small Business Administration (SBA) loan will cover the rest of the required financing. The company plans to build a strong market position in the town, due to the partners industry experience and mild competitive climate in the area. 2.1 Company Ownership JJB is incorporated in the state of Washington. It is equally owned by its two partners. 2.2 Company History JJB is a start-up company. Financing will come from the partners capital and a ten-year SBA loan. The following chart and table illustrate the companys projected initial start-up costs. Products JJB offers a broad range of coffee and espresso products, all from high quality Columbian grown imported coffee beans. JJB caters to all of its customers by providing each customer coffee and espresso products made to suit the customer, down to the smallest detail. The bakery provides freshly prepared bakery and pastry products at all times during business operations. Six to eight moderate batches of bakery and pastry products are prepared during the day to assure fresh baked goods are always available. Market Analysis Summary JJBs focus is on meeting the demand of a regular local resident customer base, as well as a significant level of tourist traffic from nearby highways. 4.1 Market Segmentation JJB focuses on the middle- and upper-income markets. These market segments consume the majority of coffee and espresso products. Local Residents JJB wants to establish a large regular customer base. This will establish a healthy, consistent revenue base to ensure stability of the business. Tourists Tourist traffic comprises approximately 35% of the revenues. High visibility and competitive products and service are critical to capture this segment of the market. 4.1.1 Market Analysis The chart and table below outline the total market potential of the above described customer segments. 4.2 Target Market Segment Strategy The dominant target market for JJB is a regular stream of local residents. Personal and expedient customer service at a competitive price is key to maintaining the local market share of this target market. 4.2.1 Market Needs Because Washington has a cool climate for eight months out of the year, hot coffee products are very much in demand. During the remaining warmer four months of the year, iced coffee products are in significantly high demand, along with a slower but consistent demand for hot coffee products. Much of the days activity occurs in the morning hours before ten a.m., with a relatively steady flow for the remainder of the day. 4.3 Service Business Analysis The retail coffee industry in the U.S. has recently experienced rapid growth. The cool marine climate in southwest Washington stimulates consumption of hot beverages throughout the year. Coffee drinkers in the Pacific Northwest are finicky about the quality of beverages offered at the numerous coffee bars across the region. Despite low competition in the immediate area, JJB will position itself as a place where customers can enjoy a cup of delicious coffee with a fresh pastry in a relaxing environment. 4.3.1 Competition and Buying Patterns Competition in the local area is somewhat sparse and does not provide nearly the level of product quality and customer service as JJB. Local customers are looking for a high quality product in a relaxing atmosphere. They desire a unique, classy experience. Leading competitors purchase and roast high quality, whole-bean coffees and, along with Italian-style espresso beverages, cold-blended beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, coffee-related accessories and equipment, and a line of premium teas, sell these items primarily through company-operated retail stores. In addition to sales through company-operated retail stores, leading competitors sell coffee and tea products through other channels of distribution (specialty operations). Larger chains vary their product mix depending upon the size of each store and its location. Larger stores carry a broad selection of whole bean coffees in various sizes and types of packaging, as well as an assortment of coffee- and espresso-making equipment and accessories such as coffee grinders, coffee makers, espresso machines, coffee filters, storage containers, travel tumblers and mugs. Smaller stores and kiosks typically sell a full line of coffee beverages, a more limited selection of whole-bean coffees, and a few accessories such as travel tumblers and logo mugs. During fiscal year 2000, industry retail sales mix by product type was approximately 73% beverages, 14% food items, eight percent whole-bean coffees, and five percent coffee-making equipment and accessories. Technologically savvy competitors make fresh coffee and coffee-related products conveniently available via mail order and online. Additionally, mail order catalogs offering coffees, certain food items, and select coffee-making equipment and accessories, have been made available by a few larger competitors. Websites offering online stores that allow customers to browse for and purchase coffee, gifts, and other items via the Internet have become more commonplace as well. Strategy and Implementation Summary JJB will succeed by offering consumers high quality coffee, espresso, and bakery products with personal service at a competitive price. 5.1 Competitive Edge JJBs competitive edge is the relatively low level of competition in the local area in this particular niche. 5.2 Sales Strategy As the chart and table show, JJB anticipates sales of about $491,000 in the first year, $567,000 in the second year, and $655,000 in the third year of the plan. Sales Forecast 2001 2002 2003 Unit Sales Espresso Drinks 135,000 148,500 163,350 Pastry Items 86,000 94,600 104,060 Other 0 0 0 Total Unit Sales 221,000 243,100 267,410 Unit Prices 2001 2002 2003 Espresso Drinks $3.00 $3.15 $3.31 Pastry Items $1.00 $1.05 $1.10 Other $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Sales Espresso Drinks $405,000 $467,775 $540,280 Pastry Items $86,000 $99,330 $114,726 Other $0 $0 $0 Total Sales $491,000 $567,105 $655,006 Direct Unit Costs 2001 2002 2003 Espresso Drinks $0.25 $0.26 $0.28 Pastry Items $0.50 $0.53 $0.55 Other $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Direct Cost of Sales Espresso Drinks $33,750 $38,981 $45,023 Pastry Items $43,000 $49,665 $57,363 Other $0 $0 $0 Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales $76,750 $88,646 $102,386 Management Summary Austin Patterson has extensive experience in sales, marketing, and management, and was vice president of marketing with both Jansonne Jansonne and Burper Foods. David Fields brings experience in the area of finance and administration, including a stint as chief financial officer with both Flaxfield Roasters and the national coffee store chain, BuzzCups. 6.1 Personnel Plan As the personnel plan shows, JJB expects to make significant investments in sales, sales support, and product development personnel. Personnel Plan 2001 2002 2003 Managers $100,000 $105,000 $110,250 Pastry Bakers $40,800 $42,840 $44,982 Baristas $120,000 $126,000 $132,300 Other $0 $0 $0 Total People 10 10 10 Total Payroll $260,800 $273,840 $287,532 Financial Plan JJB expects to raise $110,000 of its own capital, and to borrow $100,000 guaranteed by the SBA as a ten-year loan. This provides the bulk of the current financing required. 7.1 Break-even Analysis JJBs Break-even Analysis is based on the average of the first-year figures for total sales by units, and by operating expenses. These are presented as per-unit revenue, per-unit cost, and fixed costs. These conservative assumptions make for a more accurate estimate of real risk. JJB should break even by the fourth month of its operation as it steadily increases its sales. Break-even Analysis Monthly Units Break-even 17,255 Monthly Revenue Break-even $38,336 Assumptions: Average Per-Unit Revenue $2.22 Average Per-Unit Variable Cost $0.35 Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost $32,343 7.2 Projected Profit and Loss As the Profit and Loss table shows, JJB expects to continue its steady growth in profitability over the next three years of operations. Pro Forma Profit and Loss 2001 2002 2003 Sales $491,000 $567,105 $655,006 Direct Cost of Sales $76,750 $88,646 $102,386 Other $0 $0 $0 Total Cost of Sales $76,750 $88,646 $102,386 Gross Margin $414,250 $478,459 $552,620 Gross Margin % 84.37% 84.37% 84.37% Expenses Payroll $260,800 $273,840 $287,532 Sales and Marketing and Other Expenses $27,000 $35,200 $71,460 Depreciation $60,000 $69,000 $79,350 Utilities $1,200 $1,260 $1,323 Payroll Taxes $39,120 $41,076 $43,130 Other $0 $0 $0 Total Operating Expenses $388,120 $420,376 $482,795 Profit Before Interest and Taxes $26,130 $58,083 $69,825 EBITDA $86,130 $127,083 $149,175 Interest Expense $10,000 $9,500 $8,250 Taxes Incurred $3,111 $12,146 $15,650 Net Profit $13,019 $36,437 $45,925 Net Profit/Sales 2.65% 6.43% 7.01% 7.3 Projected Cash Flow The cash flow projection shows that provisions for ongoing expenses are adequate to meet JJBs needs as the business generates cash flow sufficient to support operations. Pro Forma Cash Flow 2001 2002 2003 Cash Received Cash from Operations Cash Sales $491,000 $567,105 $655,006 Subtotal Cash from Operations $491,000 $567,105 $655,006 Additional Cash Received Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received $0 $0 $0 New Current Borrowing $0 $0 $0 New Other Liabilities (interest-free) $0 $0 $0 New Long-term Liabilities $0 $0 $0 Sales of Other Current Assets $0 $0 $0 Sales of Long-term Assets $0 $0 $0 New Investment Received $0 $0 $0 Subtotal Cash Received $491,000 $567,105 $655,006 Expenditures 2001 2002 2003 Expenditures from Operations Cash Spending $260,800 $273,840 $287,532 Bill Payments $143,607 $186,964 $237,731 Subtotal Spent on Operations $404,407 $460,804 $525,263 Additional Cash Spent Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out $0 $0 $0 Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing $0 $0 $0 Other Liabilities Principal Repayment $0 $0 $0 Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment $0 $10,000 $15,000 Purchase Other Current Assets $0 $0 $0 Purchase Long-term Assets $0 $20,000 $20,000 Dividends $0 $0 $0 Subtotal Cash Spent $404,407 $490,804 $560,263 Net Cash Flow $86,593 $76,301 $94,744 Cash Balance $156,593 $232,894 $327,637 7.4 Balance Sheet The following is a projected Balance Sheet for JJB. Pro Forma Balance Sheet 2001 2002 2003 Assets Current Assets Cash $156,593 $232,894 $327,637 Other Current Assets $12,000 $12,000 $12,000 Total Current Assets $168,593 $244,894 $339,637 Long-term Assets Long-term Assets $65,000 $85,000 $105,000 Accumulated Depreciation $60,000 $129,000 $208,350 Total Long-term Assets $5,000 ($44,000) ($103,350) Total Assets $173,593 $200,894 $236,287 Liabilities and Capital 2001 2002 2003 Current Liabilities Accounts Payable $14,574 $15,438 $19,907 Current Borrowing $0 $0 $0 Other Current Liabilities $0 $0 $0 Subtotal Current Liabilities $14,574 $15,438 $19,907 Long-term Liabilities $100,000 $90,000 $75,000 Total Liabilities $114,574 $105,438 $94,907 Paid-in Capital $110,000 $110,000 $110,000 Retained Earnings ($64,000) ($50,981) ($14,544) Earnings $13,019 $36,437 $45,925 Total Capital $59,019 $95,456 $141,381 Total Liabilities and Capital $173,593 $200,894 $236,287 Net Worth $59,019 $95,456 $141,381 7.5 Business Ratios The following table represents key ratios for the retail bakery and coffee shop industry. These ratios are determined by the Standard Industry Classification (SIC) Index code 5812, Eating Places. Ratio Analysis 2001 2002 2003 Industry Profile Sales Growth 0.00% 15.50% 15.50% 7.60% Percent of Total Assets Other Current Assets 6.91% 5.97% 5.08% 35.60% Total Current Assets 97.12% 121.90% 143.74% 43.70% Long-term Assets 2.88% -21.90% -43.74% 56.30% Total Assets 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Current Liabilities 8.40% 7.68% 8.42% 32.70% Long-term Liabilities 57.61% 44.80% 31.74% 28.50% Total Liabilities 66.00% 52.48% 40.17% 61.20% Net Worth 34.00% 47.52% 59.83% 38.80% Percent of Sales Sales 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Gross Margin 84.37% 84.37% 84.37% 60.50% Selling, General Administrative Expenses 74.74% 71.43% 71.39% 39.80% Advertising Expenses 0.49% 1.76% 6.87% 3.20% Profit Before Interest and Taxes 5.32% 10.24% 10.66% 0.70% Main Ratios Current 11.57 15.86 17.06 0.98 Quick 11.57 15.86 17.06 0.65 Total Debt to Total Assets 66.00% 52.48% 40.17% 61.20% Pre-tax Return on Net Worth 27.33% 50.90% 43.55% 1.70% Pre-tax Return on Assets 9.29% 24.18% 26.06% 4.30% Additional Ratios 2001 2002 2003 Net Profit Margin 2.65% 6.43% 7.01% n.a Return on Equity 22.06% 38.17% 32.48% n.a Activity Ratios Accounts Payable Turnover 10.79 12.17 12.17 n.a Payment Days 27 29 27 n.a Total Asset Turnover 2.83 2.82 2.77 n.a Debt Ratios Debt to Net Worth 1.94 1.10 0.67 n.a Current Liab. to Liab. 0.13 0.15 0.21 n.a Liquidity Ratios Net Working Capital $154,019 $229,456 $319,731 n.a Interest Coverage 2.61 6.11 8.46 n.a Additional Ratios Assets to Sales 0.35 0.35 0.36 n.a Current Debt/Total Assets 8% 8% 8% n.a Acid Test 11.57 15.86 17.06 n.a Sales/Net Worth 8.32 5.94 4.63 n.a Dividend Payout 0.00 0.00 0.00 n.a

Multinational Corporation and Country Nationals

In the recent decade, international human resource management (IHRM) experienced tremendous research growth due to the increase number of organizations begun to extend their businesses into overseas markets. Multinational Corporation (MNC) is the term used to describe a business with overseas operation. Some of the main reasons for the growth of interest in IHRM are: 1) the number of MNC has increased with rapid growth of global competition which resulted in increased mobility of human resource. 2) Effective HRM strategy has been recognized as determinant of success or failure of organization. ) It is more difficult to exercise control and implementation of corporate strategy over remote subsidiaries with different culture and background. (Fernando, 2006)In this article, we will discuss the difference between international and domestic human resource management and the challenges that organization faced when selecting, developing, motivating and maintaining the employees for the over seas assignment and how these issues will affect the strategy of the organization. Finally, the article will conclude that IHRM is complex, difficult and critical to global business success. Stone, 2008) It faces a lot of challenges as compared to domestic human resource management mainly due to the geographic dispersion and multiculturalism. Defining International Human Resource Management (IHRM) There is no consensus about what the term IHRM covers although most studies in the area have traditionally focused on the area of expatriation (Brewster and Harris, 1999). Taylor et al. (1996) define IHRM as a range of people management functions, processes and activities which involve consideration of more than one national context.Difference between Domestic Human Resource Management and International Human Resouce Management IHRM has similar human resource activities as domestic human resource management except that it is at a global level. Regardless of whether they are specific to one or several countries, the external constraints such as political, legal, economic and cultural can significantly influence the way HR functions are carried out and the HR manager will have to plan for the human resources, do acquisition for the right people in the right number at the right time, train and develop, aintain and motivate the employees. As stated by Dowling and Welch (2005), the complexities of operating in different countries and employing different national categories of workers are a key variable that differentiates domestic and international HRM. Domestic HRM involved employees within only one national boundary while IHRM deals with three national or country categories: the parent country where the firm is usually headquartered; the host country where a subsidiary may be located; and other countries which may be the source of labour, finance or research and development.In addition, there are three types of employees of an international firm: parent-country national s (PCNs); host-country nationals (HCNs) and third-country nationals (TCNs) (Dowling, Welch and Schuler, 1999). Dowling (1988) argues that the complexity of international HRM can be attributed to six factors such as more HR activities; the need for a broader perspective; more involvement in employees’ personal lives; change in emphasis as the workforce mix of expatriates and locals varies; risk exposure and broader external influences.Types of employees Managers can be hired three types of employees: parent country nationals; host country nationals and third country nationals. Parent country nationals (PCNs) are residents of the international business headquarter who are transferred to one of its overseas operations. Even though communications and coordination with headquarters is typically facilitated when PCNs are employed since they share a common culture and education background with headquarter but the number of PCNs employed in an organization is limited.This is due to t he high cost in relocating and maintaining them in host country and the lack of knowledge of local laws, culture, economic conditions, social structure and political processes. Host country nationals (HCNs) are residents of the host country and are the most common choice of mid-level and lower-level job. Employing HCNs is popular because they are familiar with local laws, culture and economic. Even though HCNs may be cheaper than PCNs but HCNs may not be familiar with the firm’s corporate culture nor its business practices.Third country nationals (TCNs) are citizens of neither the headquarter nor of the host country. They are most likely to be employ in upper-level or technical positions. Expatriate Expatriates are people working and residing in countries other than their native country. TCNs and PCNs are collectively known as expatriates. Organization usually takes great care in selecting expatriate as important roles are usually assigned to them and the cost of transferring wrong person overseas is enormous. It is known as expatriate failure when the expatriate return homes before the assignment is completed.The cost of failure would incur direct and indirect cost to the organizations and the expatriate. The indirect costs are harder to quantify in money terms and it includes causing the organization to lose its market share and expatriate may lose self-esteem. Dowling & Welch (2005) had concluded that factors moderating performance would include: spouse/ partner dissatisfaction; inability to adapt; difficulties with family adjustment in the new location; culture and language difficulties. RecruitmentRecruiting and then deploying people to positions where they can perform effectively is a goal of most organizations whether domestic or international. Recruitment in international context is no easy job. Cross-national differences in work values influence how attractive a firm is perceived to be within any given culture because what individuals want from an employer may vary across culture. (Caligiuri, Lepak & Bonache, 2010) Therefore, companies should adopt different sets of selection practice and recruitment message based on the culture of the country they are recruiting.In MNCs, most positions are filled by HCNs as it is cheaper than hiring expatriate and they are more familiar with the local culture, economics and business environment. But it is still common to employ expatriate in management role since they had better understanding of the culture and business background. Expatriate selection is much more difficult than domestic selection. The HR manager may have stringent screening process as these expatriate will be mostly being employ in management level that has greater responsibility for the business.Therefore, only experienced candidates will be selected for overseas assignment. On the other hand, candidates are becoming increasingly selective regarding their choice of overseas assignment making it more difficult for expa triate to be employed. Selection is often conducted through supervisor’s interview of candidates. With expatriate being employed in management role could mean that they are the ones interviewing the HCNs. In this case, it would be especially challenging as behaviors may be interpreted through a cultural lens and unintended inferences may be made.Caligiuri, Lepak & Bonache (2010) had concluded that firm that dedicates the time to answer the strategic questions about employee competencies globally – and, in turn, effectively selects for them within the various countries where it operates – has a competitive advantage within its global workforce for implementing global business strategy. Training and Development The objective of training and development is to foster learning among the organizational members and to develop enriched and more capable workers, who, in turn, can enhance organizational competitiveness and effectiveness.As compared to domestic organizatio n, multinational organization faces a number of unique challenges in training and developing function. This is due to that multinational firms differ in their operations from those of domestic firms in terms of geographic dispersion and multiculturalism. (Adler, 2002) It may be difficult when translating training material; therefore it is important to understand the importance of sensitivity to local language and culture. Sims (2002) states that how people learn and the methods of training with which they are comfortable vary across cultures.In order to achieve success in oversea assignment, it is very important to train the employees based on the economics and practices of foreign countries. Dessler G. (2008), concluded that overseas candidate required special training like focusing on the impact of cultural differences, provides factual knowledge about the target country and provides skill building in areas like language and adjustment and adaptation skills. It is very challenging when come to designing training and development programs for multinational company. A unique training program for each subsidiary is needed based on the country language and culture.Performance Management Performance Management (PM) is a strategic HRM process that enables the immediate supervisor to evaluate the employee’s job performance and contribution towards the organization’s goals and rewards as outcomes of performance evaluation or appraisal. Training and development plan can be derived from PM to enhance the performance of the employees. As is stated by Armstrong (1994), PM involves the links to organizational strategy, setting individual performance goals, providing regular feedback on progress towards those goals, providing opportunities for improving and linking result and rewards.The scope of PM in multinational companies (MNCs) is much broader and complicated that in domestic companies. This is due to that MNCs operate in many nationals with various type s of employee groups. (Scullion H. & Linehan M. , 2005) Generally, an employee’s performance on the job is affected by their skills, perceptions, relationship with peers and superior, personal values, levels of motivation and commitment, the work environment and the level of challenge assigned to them.In a global context, this multiplicity of factors is further complicated by differences in culture, education, values and long distances between superior and subordinate. Fernando K. V. (2006), had concluded that the challenge of organization’s when it comes to performance management is to retain and develop their talent; enable the mass majority to perform at their best level; align performance at all levels globally to effectively deploy strategy; recognize and motivate performance at all levels and help differentiate employee performance.PM in IHRM will require different program and criteria based on the country culture to effectively measure the performance of the emp loyees. Simply exporting the head office program may end in disaster if it is not culturally sensitive. (Stone, 2008) Compensation Compensation is one of the most important HRM functions. In both IHRM and domestic HRM, compensation has the same common objectives that are to attract and retain the desired quality of employees and motivate employees to improve their performance and contribute their best to help to achieve the organization’s business objectives.According to resource-based theory, organizations that effectively apply appropriate compensation policies to maintain and retain knowledgeable and skilled employees can serve to protect this source of sustainable competitive advantage. As is stated by Dowling (1988), the key differences for HRM in MNCs lie in the increased scope; perspective and level of involvement required in employees’ live as well as the level of risk. Compensation in IHRM has the greater risk.The risk increased by the complexities of operatin g within multiple diverse economic, employment and taxation regimes and through direct and indirect cost inefficiencies associated with international staff transfers and also with the implementation of an international compensation strategy. (Harzing & Ruysseveldt, 2004) In IHRM, the compensation strategy is influenced by a list of internal and external variable. Some of the variables would include: (internal) capacity to pay; competitive strategy; organizational culture; (external) labour market characteristics; local culture and parent nationality.The most challenging part is to reduce the risk of perceived inequities by maintaining companywide pay scales and policies. By doing so, the organization can ensure that the same job grade will be paid within the same narrow range. Implementing companywide pay scale might not be fair for those who are being transferred to country, like Japan, where the cost of living is higher. One way to handle the problem is to pay a similar base salar y companywide, and then add on various allowances according to individual market conditions. (Infante V. Determining equitable wage in many countries is no simple matter due to the differences in culture and market characteristic. As a result, one of the greatest difficulties in managing multinational compensation is establishing consistent compensation measures between countries. (Dessler, 2008) Industrial relations It is difficult to compare industrial relations systems and behavior across national boundaries as national differences in economic, political and legal systems produce markedly different industrial relations systems across countries.Trade unions may limit the strategic choices of multinationals in three ways by influencing wage levels to the extent that cost structure may become uncompetitive; by constraining the ability of MNCs to vary employment level at will and by hindering or preventing global integration of the operations of multinationals. Trade unions will be a ble to cause the MNCs to suffer labour cost disadvantages which may narrow their strategic options or caused industrial or political problems. Therefore the HR managers should ensure that the practices adhere to and reinforce strategicHRM objectives and policies and are in harmony with the desired corporate culture, concessions granted in one location do not create damaging precedents for the rest of the organization and ethical and legal obligations are met. (Stone, 2008) MNCs must be well versed in international industrial relations and be aware that each industrial relations system is unique in order to translate organizational HRM objectives and policies into appropriate industrial relations practices on a worldwide scale. ConclusionIHRM is the handling of HRM activities at a global level. It is complex, difficult and critical to global business success. (Stone, 2008) It faces a lot of challenges as compared to domestic human resource management mainly due to the geographic disp ersion and multiculturalism. Individual business units in various countries may have different HRM strategies due to the different in culture. Although the strategies might be different but somehow it is still intact with the global strategy as define by international business headquarter.With this, the MNCs will have competitive advantage as compared to its competitors who are using HRM strategies at a national level. Challenge increases as they have to handle employees from three different nationals: parent country nationals (PCN), host country nationals (HCN) and third country nationals (TCN). Organization takes great care in selecting employees from parent country and third country which is known as expatriate. This is because the failure of the expatriate may cost the organization to lose its market share and the expatriate may lose self-esteem.Training and performance management in IHRM faces a number of unique challenges due to the different in culture. Different program need s to be design for different subsidiary. Simply exporting the head office program may end in disaster if it is not culturally sensitive. (Stone, 2008) Compensation is one of the most important functions. The most challenging part in IHRM is that it needs to reduce the risk of perceived inequities by maintaining companywide pay scales and policies.Various allowances should be added on top of the basic salary especially for those expatriate who are located in countries with higher cost of living. Last but not least, MNCs need to be well versed in international industrial relations in order to translate organizational HRM objectives and policies into appropriate industrial relations practices on a world-wide scale.

Why Intelligence Agencies And Analysts Exist - 1468 Words

One of the four primary reasons why intelligence agencies and analysts exist is to support the policy process, which consequently impacts national security decisions. As a result, intelligence community analysts and decision makers must maintain a relationship with policy makers. However, there is an ongoing debate within the intelligence community, academic institutions, and the public regarding the distant and proximate models of this relationship. In an effort to determine the best possible relationship model between intelligence analysts and policy makers, the roots of both the distant and proximate models will be discussed; then, a stance will be taken on what the preferred model should be and supported based off the evidence†¦show more content†¦Additionally, the distant relationship model enables analysts to work on a problem set of their choice as long as it is within the bounds set by their intelligence manager. While enabling analysts to have such freedoms is perceived as a positive it can also be a negative. Intelligence analysts own agenda can take the forefront while their consumers needs lose the necessary precedence. Also as a result of being too distant from the policy maker, the needs of the policy maker may not be known; therefore, intelligence may not be produced on a problem set of interest to the policy world. According to Johnson and Wirtz, the second school of thought, the proximate model, receives its origins from Robert Gates, former Director of Central Intelligence and Secretary Of Defense. In the mid-1980s Robert Gates, while serving as the Deputy Director for Analysis at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), spearheaded the notion of actionable intelligence, when he became upset with the agency s analysts, who blatantly disregarded request to fulfill policy makers’ needs. Gates argued that by producing actionable intelligence, intelligence analysts must remain cognizant of policy maker needs, resulting in a more relevant finished intelligence product. Thus, the proximate relationship model between intelligence analysts and policy makers was formed. As is the case with any model, the

Prostitution And The Worlds Oldest Profession - 2225 Words

When looking into Prostitution women are usually thought to be the lowest form a part of the human species, people make assumptions as to why a women would even bother with the idea of subjecting herself to harsh treatment by others, people often correlate the idea of prostitution with human trafficking. That each of these categories are of association, prostitution is â€Å"the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment.† While human trafficking is â€Å"the illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.† Each of these subjects demonstrates different meanings but express the same sense of ideas, which will be looked into too. â€Å"Prostitution is said to be†¦show more content†¦One reason for this is that human children require care for a long time. So, a female with child must be able to trade sex for protection and food since she cannot hunt effectively with a child. Historically speaking, prostitution is as old as civilization. Prostitution in 1949, the United Nations had adopted a resolution in favor of the decriminalization of prostitution, which has been sanctioned by fifty countries, meaning that it was approved, in that time era the average age of someone entering prostitution was an average of fourteen years old- that was during the approval of it- regardless of that there was till the fear of predators, due to that at least seventy-five percent of prostitutes worldwide were sexually and physically abused children who felt the need to turn into that lifestyle. The majority of the younger prostitutes began to acquire drug or alcohol addiction due to the abuse. According to readings in H.G. Cocks and M. Houlbrook, author the personal dangers of sexual advertising also known as prostitution in Britain during the early twentieth century; As stated â€Å"Prostitution is rooted in highly gendered and moral beliefs about female and male sexuality, women’s labour and the status of women within society, and throughout history people have been seeking explanations for its existence and, most of all, for why women sell sex.† (Laite, 2004)